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Every year , thousand of gnu tumultuously swim while trying to cross the Mara River in eastern Africa , but there is a Ag lining to their deaths : The wildebeest remains provide essential nutrient to wild animals throughout the Serengeti food web , accord to a new field .
About 1.2 million wildebeest , also know as gnus ( Connochaetes taurinus ) , take part in the orotund terrestrial migration in the globe , locomote from the teetotal plains to the lush savanna in search of nutrient and water every yr , the researchers said .
Wildebeests crossing the Mara River in Kenya
But an norm of 6,250 gnu — or 1,100 tons ( 1,000 metric tons ) of biomass — never make it across the Mara . Rather , their eubstance decay , contributing the " tantamount biomass of 10 down whale carcass per year to this middling sized river , " the researchers wrote in the report . [ Camera trap : Elusive Wildlife Caught in Photos ]
There were at least 13 mass drownings between 2001 and 2015 , according to historic reputation and field survey , the investigator say . These mass drownings typically bechance from former June to late July , when the gnu make their yearly migration across the Mara , a river that decant into Lake Victoria and offer piddle for the greaterSerengeti Mara ecosystemof Kenya and Tanzania .
Once the gnu contact their untimely ends , it is n’t long before scavengers — including vulture , some fly more than 60 mile ( 100 kilometre ) to dine — show up with substantial appetite . These cadger let in Nile crocodile , Marabou stork , clean - backed vultures , Rüppell ’s vultures and hooded piranha , the researchers said .
The scavenger are n’t the only beneficiaries : The wildebeests ' soft tissue take between two and 10 calendar week to decompose , and then bring home the bacon as much as 50 percent of the food for thought that supports fish populations in the Mara , the researcher determine . Moreover , maggot — a favourite repast of the mongoose — flourish on the wildebeests ' dead body , the researcher take down .
The wildebeests ' castanets take more than seven years to decompose , providing much - necessitate phosphorus to the river , which , in go , supports algae , insects and fish , the researchers said .
" Rotting brute flesh transfix the aquatic ecosystem with nutrient , " study co - researcher Emma Rosi , an aquatic ecologist at the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook , New York , an environmental inquiry organization , said in a statement . “But once carcasses disappear , castanets — which make up nearly one-half of biomass inputs — continue to fee the river . "
Moreover , these nutrients go throughout the river basin , as they are either carry downriver by the river or deal inland by scavengers , the researchers find .
" The relative frequency and scale of these events paint a picture that mass drownings may have played an important theatrical role in other river historically , when large migration and unimpacted rivers were more plebeian features of the landscape , " lead researcher Amanda Subalusky , a postdoctoral comrade at the Cary Institute , said in a statement .
Subalusky work on the subject field as a alum student in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Yale University . The research was published online June 19 in the journalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences .
Original clause onLive Science .
